This study focuses on the approaches to Unaccompanied Minors following status determination in Hungary. The study covers the period 2014-2017, thereby following up on previous EMN research on unaccompanied minors.

The analysis gives a view on the four processes, just as the asylum processes, the aliens policing, the visa and residence permit processes, and the asylum and aliens policing units practices. The aim of the analysis is to give a highlight on the identification of asylum applicants and nominees for deportation, which is a cornerstone of the asylum, and the aliens policing processes.

This EMN study aims to offer an overview of the changes to the Hungarian strategies, approaches and measures in response to increases or decreases to the influx of asylum seekers over the period 2014-2016. The study focuses on numerous aspects impacted by changing influxes, through policy changes and operational measures taken by state and non-state entities acting on behalf of the responsible authorities. This includes border control, the asylum application process, the contents of protection, financing of measures, and crisis governance measures (both ad-hoc and structural).

From the migration perspective, Hungary is considered as a transit country. Therefore, in order to respond to the migration related abuses effectively, the problem of return or non-return of third country nationals illegally staying on the territory of the country is a priority issue which is also reflected emphatically in the Government’s policy. All in all, the Hungarian legislation on expulsion and return sets out more stricter rules than the EU standards.

The aim of the study is to examine the situation of rejected asylum seekers regarding asylum and return procedures in Hungary. For this reason, the study completely presents the asylum procedure, its main the elements and the consequences of rejected asylum applications.

This study looks into the legal framework, procedures and practices with regard to family reunification for third country nationals (TCNs) in Hungary. Furthermore, it discusses some of the challenges faced by applicants, sponsors and other stakeholders in the field and some good practices to overcome these challenges. Finally, it presents recent major legal developments (including national case law) concerning family reunification.

The struggle against illegal employment, that is, work performed in violation of applicable laws (and in particular measures against undeclared, black labour that has been defined as acquisition of income from otherwise lawful activities, that is wholly or partly undeclared to the tax and social security authorities) forms an important element of Hungary’s Governmental policies.

The aim of this study is to present the Hungarian national resettlement program as a durable solution for refugees. In addition, by the collection and evaluation of identified challenges and positive effects experienced, it also can contribute to the effectiveness and success of future programs.

In Section 1: Overview of national migration system in place regarding changes of status, the current Hungarian situation can be described as a system providing easily accessible, relevant and up-todate information about migration status requests and permits, but the information about status changes are insufficient. There is no difference in statistics between registering and changing migration status. The only available information is the number of migration status requests and authorization for a given period, but we have no data of cases, when the given migration status is the result of the change of a previous status. Data on migration status changes should be transparent and simple, easy to manage and accessible by both the Hungarian authorities and migrants. In Section 2: Overview of admission criteria, the Study shows the available residence categories, its definitions and the admissions criteria. In Section 3: National legal framework on change of status whilst remaining on the territory of the (Member) State, the Study will show the possible status changes. This section is the core of the Study. The relevant legal background and the advantages/disadvantages of the different status can be found in this section. It must be mentioned that the legal background and the practical experiences are very complex; therefore, the Study can provide only a simplified explanation in these tables. It would be useful to prepare case studies about every status change since there are status changes, which are legally possible but do not make sense in practice. In the given way, the Study can focus on only the legal possibilities. It also should be mentioned that the enhancement or reduction of the rights are not always clear. The Study strives to highlight the practical factors in these comparisons.

National labour migration policy is only indirectly linked to shortage occupations at present. The tool of using labour market test as well as exempting certain categories from such requirement is therefore considered as an indirect link to shortage occupations. Based on the checking of available national or EU work force for the given position it is presumed that foreign work force is primarily admitted in occupations where no national labour force could be found in the long run.